"Blacks and Asians in a White City: Japanese Americans and African Americans in Seattle, 1890-1940," Western Historical Quarterly 22:4 (November 1991). Reprinted in Hazel M. McFerson, Blacks and Asians:Crossings, Conflict and Community (Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2006
“Urban Black Labor in the West, 1849-1949: Reconceptionalizing the Image of a Region,” in Joe W. Trotter, Earl Lewis and Tera W. Hunter, eds., The African American Urban Experience: Perspectives from the Colonial Period to the Present
(New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004)
"Comrades of Color: Buffalo Soldiers in the West, 1866-1917," Colorado Heritage 18:(Spring 1996) Reprinted in Steve Grinstead and Ben Fogelberg, eds., Western Voices: 125 Years of Colorado Writing (Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing, 2004)
Introduction to John H. Nankivell, Buffalo Soldier Regiment: History of the Twenty-fifth United States Infantry, 1869-1926 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001)
"Susie Revels Cayton, Beatrice Morrow Cannady, and the Campaign for Social Justice in the Pacific Northwest," in William Robbins, ed., The Great Northwest: The Search for Regional Identity (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2001)
"From Esteban to Rodney King: Five Centuries of African American History in the West," Montana: The Magazine of Western History 46:4 (Winter 1996) Winner, Vivian A. Paladin Award for the best article to appear in Montana in 1996-1997, in Walter Nugent and Martin Ridge, eds. The American West: The Reader (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999)
"The African American Experience in Nebraska," Introduction to Bertha W. Calloway and Alonzo Smith, Eds. Visions of Freedom on the Great Plains: An Illustrated History of African Americans in Nebraska (Virginia Beach, Va.: Donning Company Publishers, 1998)
Introduction to Henry O. Flipper, The Colored Cadet at West Point: Autobiography of Lieutenant Henry Ossian Flipper (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998)
"'There Was No Better Place to Go': The Transformation Thesis Revisited, African American Migration to the Pacific Northwest, 1940-1950," in Paul Hirt, ed., Terra Pacific: People and Place in Northwest America and Western Canada (Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1998)
"Mary Ellen Pleasant," in Glenda Riley and Richard Etulain, Eds. By Grit and Grace: Women Who Shaped the Pioneer West (Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing, 1997)
"Blacks and Asians in a White City: Japanese Americans and African Americans in Seattle, 1890-1940," Western Historical Quarterly 22:4 (November 1991). Reprinted in Clyde A. Milner, II, ed., Major Problems in the History of the American West: Documents and Essays second edition, (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1997)
"Through the Prism of Race: The Meaning of African American History in the American West," in Clyde A. Milner, ed., A New Significance: Re-Envisioning the History of the American West (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996)
"Contentious Legacy: The Nigerian Youth Movement and the Rise of Ethnic Politics, 1934-1951," in C. S. Momah and Hakeem Harunah, Eds. Nigerian Studies in Religious Tolerance, Volume III, Ethnicity, Religion and Nation-Building, (Lagos: University of Lagos Press\Center for the Propagation of Religious and Ethnic Tolerance, 1995)
"Slaves and Free Men: Blacks in the Oregon Country, 1840 1860," Oregon Historical Quarterly 83:2 (Summer, 1982). Reprinted in Sucheng Chan, Douglas Henry Daniels, Mario T. Garcia, and Terry P. Wilson, Eds. Peoples of Color in the American West (Lexington: D.C. Heath and Company, 1994)
(With Donald Grinde) "Red v. Black: Conflict and Accommodation in the Post Civil War Indian Territory, 1865 1907," American Indian Quarterly 8:3 (Summer, 1984) Reprinted in Sucheng Chan, Douglas Henry Daniels, Mario T. Garcia, and Terry P. Wilson, eds. Peoples of Color in the American West (Lexington: D.C. Heath and Company, 1994)
"The Emergence of Black Communities in the Pacific Northwest, 1865-1910," Journal of Negro History 64:4 (Fall, 1979) Recipient, Carter G. Woodson Award for Best JNH Article, 1978 1979. Reprinted in Kenneth L. Kusmer, ed., Black Communities and Urban Development in America, 1720-1990 10 Vols. (Hamden, Ct: Garland Publishing Inc, 1991), Vol. 4, From Reconstruction to the Great Migration, 1877-1917.
"Black Urban Development: Another View, Seattle's Central District, 1910 1940, A Case Study," Pacific Historical Review 58:4 (November 1989) Reprinted in Kenneth L. Kusmer, ed., Black Communities and Urban Development in America, 1720-1990 10 Vols. (Hamden, Ct: Garland Publishing Inc, 1991), Vol. 5, The Great Migration and After, 1917-1930.
